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Demystifying Veterans’ preference in federal hiring

A smiling female Air Force Veteran with access to Veterans’ preference in uniform stands outdoors. Below, military branch emblems highlight VA’s commitment to supporting Veterans from all services.

Veterans’ preference can offer Veterans an advantage when applying for federal jobs, including open positions at VA. This system recognizes the unique skills and experiences gained during military service, which can make a difference in helping Veterans transition into civilian employment.

Established by the Veterans’ Preference Act of 1944, Veterans who are disabled or who served on active duty in the Armed Forces during certain specified periods or military campaigns are entitled to preference over applicants and retention during a reduction in force.

At VA, preference-eligible Veterans who have service-connected disabilities of 10% or more are placed at the top of the highest category on the referral list (except for scientific or professional positions at the GS-9 level or higher). Preference eligibles with less than 10% are placed above non-preference eligibles within their assigned category.

However, it is important to note that Veterans’ preference does not guarantee federal employment and does not apply to internal agency actions, such as promotions, transfers, reassignments, and reinstatements. Agencies are required to give priority to displaced employees before using civil service examinations and similar hiring methods.

The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) provides clear guidelines to help Veterans understand how to apply their preference. Federal hiring resources, such as USAJOBS, highlight roles where Veterans’ preference can be applied. This simplifies the application process and helps Veterans identify where their preference may be most effective.

Special hiring authorities for Veterans

While Veterans’ preference plays a key role in competitive hiring, VA also leverages other hiring authorities, such as the Veterans Recruitment Appointment (VRA) and the 30% or More Disabled Veterans Authority.

These non-competitive hiring processes do not use point or category-based ranking, but still prioritize Veterans, creating additional pathways to employment. Based on data collected by the VA Office of Resolution Management, Diversity & Inclusion (ORMD&I), these programs have helped bring over 5,000 Veterans into VA roles, ensuring their skills are recognized and valued.

VA application support

For Veterans who want to make use of Veterans’ preference or special hiring authorities, it is essential to understand how to apply. At VA, the Veteran and Military Spouse Talent Engagement Program (VMSTEP) can offer valuable assistance and support to help Veterans understand and use their preference in a number of ways.

  • VMSTEP supports Veterans in determining their eligibility for preference and assists with gathering the necessary documentation, preparing Veterans to apply with all requested materials.
  • VMSTEP goes beyond eligibility by helping Veterans align their skills with VA job openings. Through workshops and coaching, Veterans can develop strong, targeted resumes and improve their interview skills, which can enhance their chances of standing out during the hiring process.
  • After hiring, employees can access numerous resources that promote career growth, mentorship, and networking. This helps Veterans stay connected to their mission of service while navigating opportunities for career advancement within VA.

Work at VA

Veterans’ preference is a powerful tool that helps Veterans secure meaningful federal employment. With VMSTEP’s support, Veterans can confidently navigate the system and ensure their service is recognized as they explore opportunities to make a difference at VA.


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